Technical Innovation and Modernization Questions

Covers leading and executing technical change that raises the engineering bar while preserving operational stability. Topics include identifying and prioritizing innovation opportunities, sponsoring research and experimentation, running proofs of concept and pilots, and introducing new tools or frameworks. Also includes strategies for modernizing legacy systems and architecture with minimal business disruption, managing technical debt, migration planning, rollback and cutover approaches, and maintaining reliability and continuity. Evaluated skills include optimizing performance and cost at scale, establishing engineering standards and best practices, governance and risk management, stakeholder alignment and communication, measuring impact and return on investment, and balancing long term innovation with short term pragmatism.

MediumTechnical

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Plan a cutover and rollback strategy for migrating an authentication service to a new implementation. Include canary deployment steps, feature-flag strategies, database schema considerations, monitoring/alerting thresholds, and clear rollback triggers to minimize user impact.

MediumTechnical

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Discuss trade-offs between monolith-first, modular monolith, and microservices architectures for a product expected to scale to millions of users. Address development velocity, operational complexity, testing, deployment, and team organization implications for each approach.

MediumTechnical

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You're running a POC for a new streaming processing framework (low-latency transforms). Define success criteria, safety checks, performance tests, integration considerations, and operational readiness checks you would use to decide whether to adopt it in production.

MediumSystem Design

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Design a phased migration strategy to decompose a user-profile monolith (authentication, profile, preferences, notifications) into microservices. Constraints: zero downtime for login, clear team ownership boundaries, ability to roll back, minimal operational risk, and incremental delivery. Describe migration phases, routing, data ownership, and rollback points.

MediumTechnical

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Implement server-side idempotency handling for HTTP POST requests in Java (pseudocode is fine). Requirements: accept an Idempotency-Key header, store the outcome for a configurable TTL, handle concurrent duplicate requests correctly, and return the saved response when a duplicate is detected.

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