Hardware Software Integration and Constraints Questions

Assess experience designing systems where hardware capabilities and constraints shape software architecture. Candidates should explain cross discipline coordination with hardware and firmware teams, trade offs driven by battery life, thermal limits, latency, memory, and bandwidth, strategies for hardware in the loop testing and simulation, techniques for performance instrumentation and profiling across the stack, and decision frameworks for whether to solve problems in silicon, firmware, or higher level software. The topic covers processes for validation, manufacturing feedback loops, and release coordination to preserve quality in integrated products.