SQL Injection and Security Questions

Covers how SQL injection works, how to detect and exploit common injection vectors, and how to defend applications and databases against such attacks. Candidates should understand types of injection including in band attacks such as union based and error based, blind techniques such as boolean based and time based, and out of band methods. Topics include how injection occurs in query construction, payload crafting, database enumeration techniques, using error messages and timing to extract data, and safe testing practices. Defensive measures include parameterized queries and prepared statements, input validation and sanitization, least privilege database accounts, use of stored procedures and ORMs correctly, proper escaping when necessary, using web application firewalls and logging to detect attacks, and secure configuration practices. Ethical and legal considerations for penetration testing and responsible disclosure should also be acknowledged.