Enterprise Security Architecture and Framework Design Questions

Designing comprehensive security architecture and enterprise scale security frameworks for large organizations. Topics include layered security and defense in depth applied at enterprise scale, zero trust and microsegmentation strategies, identity and access management at scale, network segmentation and secure network architecture, encryption strategies for data at rest and in transit, secrets and key management, audit logging and telemetry placement, incident response integration, backup and disaster recovery planning, and platform and infrastructure hardening. Candidates should demonstrate how to align security architecture with business goals, translate an architectural vision into a prioritized roadmap and governance model, reason about scalability and interoperability, justify trade offs between security and developer velocity, and design automation and orchestration to enable secure operations at scale.

EasySystem Design

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Define RTO (Recovery Time Objective) and RPO (Recovery Point Objective). Given a multi-region financial web application with critical payments data, sketch a backup and disaster recovery strategy that meets RTO=1 hour and RPO=5 minutes. Include replication, failover, and verification considerations.

HardTechnical

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Design logging and detection strategies to secure a machine learning pipeline that includes data ingestion, feature store, training cluster, model registry, and model serving endpoints. Identify telemetry points, signals to detect data poisoning and model exfiltration, and automated response actions (for example quarantining datasets, revoking model signing keys).

EasyTechnical

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List the minimum telemetry signals you would collect across network, host, application, and identity systems to reliably detect suspicious activity in an enterprise (assume 100k hosts and cloud services). Explain why each signal is important and any trade-offs related to volume, privacy, and storage costs.

HardSystem Design

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Design an enterprise security framework for a global organization with 100+ applications, hybrid cloud, regulatory obligations (GDPR, PCI, SOC2), and frequent M&A activity. Provide a reference architecture, governance model, prioritized control set, onboarding for acquired assets, and a plan to ensure interoperability across heterogeneous tech stacks.

HardSystem Design

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Design a federated telemetry correlation system that allows partner organizations to share indicators and aggregated signals to detect supply-chain attacks while honoring data privacy, contractual limits, and jurisdictional constraints. Describe data sharing models (push vs federated-query), minimal data exchange formats, trust and verification mechanisms, and legal considerations.

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