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Enterprise Cloud Security and Compliance Questions

Designing enterprise grade cloud security and compliance architectures: network segmentation and reference topologies such as hub and spoke, virtual private cloud design, security groups and network access control lists, private connectivity options and virtual private networks, identity governance and scalable policy management, secrets and key management, encryption at rest and in transit, centralized logging and audit trails, threat detection and security monitoring, incident response and forensics, and embedding compliance controls for standards such as SOC two, HIPAA, and PCI DSS. Also includes applying common enterprise security patterns and evaluating trade offs between patterns in large organizations.

HardSystem Design
86 practiced
Design a secure CI/CD pipeline for deploying Terraform and application artifacts. Requirements: secure storage of secrets, artifact signing and verification, IaC and container scanning, policy-as-code gates, and quick rollback support. Explain integration points for secrets, signing, scanning, and how you prevent secrets leakage from build logs or artifacts.
MediumTechnical
103 practiced
Design a DevSecOps IaC scanning pipeline for Terraform and Kubernetes manifests using tools such as tfsec, Checkov, and kube-linter. Explain where scans run (pre-commit, CI), gating strategies, handling false positives, and integration with issue trackers or ticketing systems.
MediumTechnical
81 practiced
Write a Cloud Custodian policy (YAML) that finds unencrypted EBS volumes and reports them. Explain how the policy should be scheduled (periodic vs event-driven), how notifications are delivered (email/Slack), and whether to auto-remediate or only report for manual review.
HardSystem Design
154 practiced
Design a SIEM/analytics architecture capable of ingesting one billion security events per day across multiple cloud providers and serving multi-tenant RBAC, real-time alerting, and 12-month retention for compliance. Discuss ingestion pipelines, storage tiers, indexing strategies, alerting latency trade-offs, tenant isolation, and cost controls.
EasyTechnical
92 practiced
Describe KMS and HSM differences and when you'd recommend cloud-managed KMS, customer-managed keys, or a dedicated HSM appliance. Include considerations for cost, operational complexity, exportability of keys, performance, and typical compliance drivers that push toward HSM use.

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