Systems and Graphics Optimization Techniques Questions

Covers practical optimization techniques commonly used in systems engineering and real time graphics. Topics include object pooling, level of detail systems, frustum culling, spatial partitioning structures such as quadtrees and octrees, batching and texture atlasing, reducing shader complexity and when to use shaders instead of scripted effects, GPU instancing, texture compression strategies, and memory optimization. Emphasizes trade offs between micro optimization and architectural change, profiling to find hotspots, and understanding the law of diminishing returns when applying optimization effort.

HardTechnical

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Provide a quantitative approach to model the law of diminishing returns for optimization tasks: how to estimate initial payoff, measure marginal returns per unit effort, and decide a stopping criterion using metrics like milliseconds saved per developer-hour or reduced infrastructure cost per user. Include a simple numeric example showing when to stop optimizing.

EasyTechnical

0 practiced

Explain the difference between sampling profilers and instrumentation profilers for CPU and GPU. Give practical examples of tools you would use on Linux, Windows, and consoles, and describe when to use sampling versus instrumentation to find hotspots in rendering or backend code.

EasyTechnical

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Explain data-oriented design for game engines: how organizing data as Struct-of-Arrays (SoA) can improve cache efficiency and SIMD utilization versus traditional object-oriented AoS, and give a concrete example of transforming a particle system from AoS to SoA.

EasyTechnical

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Explain draw-call batching strategies: how to group draw calls by shader, material, and texture to reduce state changes; discuss when sorting for batching conflicts with transparency requirements and how to balance sorting cost against draw-call overhead in a real-time renderer.

MediumTechnical

0 practiced

Design a runtime texture atlas packing algorithm suitable for dynamic UI sprites that are added and removed frequently. Explain padding strategy to prevent bleeding, how to handle mipmaps for atlas entries, and propose a compaction or eviction strategy when the atlas becomes fragmented without causing major frame hitches.

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