Infrastructure Implementation and Operations Questions

Hands on design, deployment, and operational management of infrastructure components and services. This includes setting up and configuring load balancers, database replication and high availability, caching layers, networking and network security, service discovery and routing, container deployment and orchestration, monitoring and observability, logging and alerting, backup and disaster recovery strategies, and secrets management in runtime. Candidates should be able to walk through concrete implementations, explain trade offs, demonstrate troubleshooting and performance tuning, and show how infrastructure components integrate to meet availability, scalability, and security requirements.

HardTechnical

35 practiced

A data-processing application requires low-latency, high-IOPS POSIX storage for heavy writes and reads. Compare cloud block storage (EBS), network file systems (EFS), and specialized offerings like FSx for Lustre for use with Kubernetes. Discuss throughput, latency, scalability, backup/restore, and cost trade-offs and recommend an approach for running this workload on Kubernetes.

EasyTechnical

42 practiced

Why is storing secrets (API keys, DB passwords) in source control dangerous? Outline a practical runtime secrets management approach using a secret store such as HashiCorp Vault or cloud-native secret services. Explain how applications should securely retrieve secrets on startup or at runtime and minimize risk of exposure.

EasyTechnical

50 practiced

Describe the purpose and differences between Kubernetes liveness and readiness probes. Give specific examples of checks for an HTTP-based service that depends on a database, and explain how misconfiguring these probes can lead to traffic loss or restart loops.

MediumSystem Design

72 practiced

Design a logging pipeline for microservices that supports structured logs, centralized aggregation, full-text search, and long-term retention. Include components (log shippers, aggregation and indexing like OpenSearch or Loki), sampling or tailing strategies to control cost, retention policies, and considerations for query performance at scale.

MediumSystem Design

39 practiced

Describe a concrete implementation plan for blue-green deployments of a web application deployed to Kubernetes and exposed via an external load balancer. Cover traffic switching mechanics (ingress/load balancer changes), DNS TTL considerations, database migration strategies that are backwards compatible, and safe rollback steps.

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