Infrastructure Implementation and Operations Questions

Hands on design, deployment, and operational management of infrastructure components and services. This includes setting up and configuring load balancers, database replication and high availability, caching layers, networking and network security, service discovery and routing, container deployment and orchestration, monitoring and observability, logging and alerting, backup and disaster recovery strategies, and secrets management in runtime. Candidates should be able to walk through concrete implementations, explain trade offs, demonstrate troubleshooting and performance tuning, and show how infrastructure components integrate to meet availability, scalability, and security requirements.

HardSystem Design

0 practiced

Design an encryption strategy that covers encryption-at-rest and encryption-in-transit for sensitive customer data stored across services. Describe envelope encryption patterns, KMS key hierarchy, HSM usage for master keys, key rotation policies, access controls for keys, and how to safely recover or revoke keys during incidents.

HardTechnical

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You must adopt Terraform enterprise-wide across multiple teams. Design best practices for repo and module organization, remote state backend and locking, RBAC for applies and plans, secure handling of secrets and sensitive variables, automated plan review in CI, drift detection, and safe rollbacks. Mention operational processes to onboard new teams.

HardSystem Design

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Describe how to implement a canary deployment platform that uses feature flags and automated metrics-driven promotion. Include the rollout automation pipeline, metrics to measure success (error rate, latency p95), rollback triggers, integration with CI/CD, and safe handling of database schema changes during canary rollouts.

MediumSystem Design

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Describe a concrete implementation plan for blue-green deployments of a web application deployed to Kubernetes and exposed via an external load balancer. Cover traffic switching mechanics (ingress/load balancer changes), DNS TTL considerations, database migration strategies that are backwards compatible, and safe rollback steps.

EasyTechnical

0 practiced

Describe key differences between Terraform and CloudFormation as Infrastructure as Code tools. Discuss state management, drift detection, provider ecosystem, modularity, and how you would decide which to adopt for a team that needs to manage resources across AWS and GCP.

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