Infrastructure Implementation and Operations Questions

Hands on design, deployment, and operational management of infrastructure components and services. This includes setting up and configuring load balancers, database replication and high availability, caching layers, networking and network security, service discovery and routing, container deployment and orchestration, monitoring and observability, logging and alerting, backup and disaster recovery strategies, and secrets management in runtime. Candidates should be able to walk through concrete implementations, explain trade offs, demonstrate troubleshooting and performance tuning, and show how infrastructure components integrate to meet availability, scalability, and security requirements.

MediumTechnical

0 practiced

Compare service discovery options for microservices: Kubernetes built-in DNS, Consul, and an external API gateway. Explain how they handle health checks, routing, multi-cluster discovery, and security. Provide guidance on when to prefer one approach over the others in production environments.

HardTechnical

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A data-processing application requires low-latency, high-IOPS POSIX storage for heavy writes and reads. Compare cloud block storage (EBS), network file systems (EFS), and specialized offerings like FSx for Lustre for use with Kubernetes. Discuss throughput, latency, scalability, backup/restore, and cost trade-offs and recommend an approach for running this workload on Kubernetes.

HardSystem Design

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Describe how to implement a canary deployment platform that uses feature flags and automated metrics-driven promotion. Include the rollout automation pipeline, metrics to measure success (error rate, latency p95), rollback triggers, integration with CI/CD, and safe handling of database schema changes during canary rollouts.

HardTechnical

0 practiced

Your cloud bill has grown fivefold in a year for compute and storage. Outline a methodical approach to attribute costs to services and teams, analyze waste, and implement optimizations such as rightsizing, reserved or committed discounts, spot instances, storage class transitions, and retention policies. Describe tools and guardrails to prevent cost regressions and to track savings.

MediumSystem Design

0 practiced

Design a failover plan for a primary-replica relational database (for example MySQL) deployed in a cloud region with same-region replicas and cross-region replicas. Include automated failover detection, promotion procedures, handling in-flight transactions and uncommitted data, reconciling replicas after failback, and minimizing RTO/RPO.

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