Debugging and Error Handling Questions

Demonstrate practical approaches for finding and fixing defects and for writing resilient code. Topics include reproducing failures, reading and interpreting stack traces and logs, using breakpoints and step debugging, narrowing root cause through isolation and binary search, improving observability via structured logging and instrumentation, writing defensive code and clear error handling, using assertions and retries judiciously, and converting production incidents into reproducible test cases. Candidates should also explain strategies for diagnosing race conditions, intermittent failures, and how they prevent recurrence through tests and monitoring.