Pipeline Integration and Infrastructure Automation Questions

Integrate pipelines with container orchestration and infrastructure automation to enable repeatable and reliable deployments. Topics include pipeline triggers and hooks, container image build and registry strategies, environment promotion and image tagging strategies, integrating infrastructure as code into pipeline workflows, interacting with orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes for deploying services, and managing multiple environments and pipeline dependencies. Also cover secrets and configuration management in pipelines, deployment automation patterns, health checks and rollout validation, and operational practices such as deployment observability and collaboration between developers and platform teams.

MediumSystem Design

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Design a pipeline stage that builds container images efficiently for a microservice. Explain caching strategies (layer caching, remote cache), base image management, reproducible builds, and how you ensure builds are hermetic and traceable (include an example image naming convention).

MediumTechnical

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Design a strategy for end-to-end pipeline testing (integration tests, e2e tests, chaos testing) that can run in CI without slowing developer velocity too much. Explain test selection, test flakiness handling, and gating policies.

EasyTechnical

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Explain the difference between a rollback and a revert in release engineering. As an SRE, which would you choose after discovering a production regression introduced by a recent deployment and why?

MediumSystem Design

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Design a pipeline that performs an automated canary rollout for a Kubernetes service and promotes based on observed metrics. Outline how traffic is shifted, how to collect metrics for the canary, and the automation that decides promote/rollback.

HardSystem Design

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You discover that several environments have drifted from their declared IaC manifests. Design an automated detection and reconciliation workflow integrated into pipelines that identifies drift, creates remediation PRs, and optionally auto-applies reconciliations when safe.

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