Security Engineering & Operations Topics
Operational security practices, secure systems implementation, threat modeling, penetration testing, vulnerability assessment, and security operations at production scale. Covers network security, endpoint security, secure architecture implementation, incident response mechanics, and security automation. Distinct from Security & Compliance (which addresses governance, compliance frameworks, and policy) and from Security Research & Innovation (which addresses novel techniques and research contributions).
Enterprise Cloud Security and Compliance
Designing enterprise grade cloud security and compliance architectures: network segmentation and reference topologies such as hub and spoke, virtual private cloud design, security groups and network access control lists, private connectivity options and virtual private networks, identity governance and scalable policy management, secrets and key management, encryption at rest and in transit, centralized logging and audit trails, threat detection and security monitoring, incident response and forensics, and embedding compliance controls for standards such as SOC two, HIPAA, and PCI DSS. Also includes applying common enterprise security patterns and evaluating trade offs between patterns in large organizations.
Security and Data Privacy
Covers design and operational practices for protecting systems and user data. Candidates should be able to explain authentication and authorization models including token based approaches and role based access control, encryption at rest and encryption in transit, key management and secrets rotation, secure application programming interface design and input validation, audit logging and security monitoring, data governance and privacy controls, compliance with data protection regulations such as General Data Protection Regulation and California Consumer Privacy Act, data minimization and anonymization techniques, threat modeling and vulnerability management, incident response and breach notification procedures, and trade offs between security, performance and developer productivity.
Enterprise Security Architecture and Framework Design
Designing comprehensive security architecture and enterprise scale security frameworks for large organizations. Topics include layered security and defense in depth applied at enterprise scale, zero trust and microsegmentation strategies, identity and access management at scale, network segmentation and secure network architecture, encryption strategies for data at rest and in transit, secrets and key management, audit logging and telemetry placement, incident response integration, backup and disaster recovery planning, and platform and infrastructure hardening. Candidates should demonstrate how to align security architecture with business goals, translate an architectural vision into a prioritized roadmap and governance model, reason about scalability and interoperability, justify trade offs between security and developer velocity, and design automation and orchestration to enable secure operations at scale.
Data Governance and Security Implementation
Designing and applying technical and operational controls to protect data across storage, processing, and integration points. Topics include data classification and labeling to identify sensitive data, database and application level access controls such as role based access control and attribute based access control, encryption at rest and in transit, key management, tokenization and masking, secure handling of credentials and API keys, audit logging and immutable trails, retention and secure deletion policies, monitoring and alerting, and integration of these controls with privacy requirements and incident response processes. Candidates should be able to discuss concrete implementation patterns, trade offs, tooling choices, and testing and validation approaches.
Cloud Security and Compliance
Focuses on designing, implementing, testing, and validating secure cloud environments across providers such as Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud Platform, and Microsoft Azure. Topics include Identity and Access Management, network security and segmentation, encryption strategies for data at rest and data in transit, secrets management, secure multi tenant design patterns, compliance frameworks and controls, common cloud misconfigurations, cloud native attack vectors, and approaches to penetration testing and security validation for cloud infrastructure and managed services. Candidates should be able to reason about secure architecture decisions, threat models, detection and response strategies, and how compliance requirements affect cloud design.