Accessibility and Usability Principles Questions

Knowledge and application of accessibility and usability principles across the design process, including planning, prototyping, testing, and delivery. Candidates should be able to explain core usability heuristics such as consistency, feedback, simplicity, discoverability, and error prevention and recovery. They should also demonstrate understanding of accessibility standards and best practices including WCAG guidelines, semantic markup and ARIA roles, keyboard navigation and focus management, color contrast and perceptual considerations, readable labels and form accessibility, and compatibility with assistive technologies such as screen readers. Describe how accessibility and usability are integrated early into workflows: design systems and component libraries, accessibility acceptance criteria, automated and manual testing, user testing with diverse participants, and iterative fixes from research findings. For interfaces with real time behavior, discuss additional considerations such as timely feedback, state synchronization, announcement strategies for dynamic updates, performance and latency impacts on accessibility, and graceful degradation for users with limited bandwidth or assistive tools. Expect examples of concrete decisions, tradeoffs, metrics used to measure accessibility and usability, and stories showing how designs were improved through testing and remediation.