Full Stack Architecture and Integration Questions

Designing end to end application architecture across presentation, application programming interface layer, business logic, persistence, and infrastructure. Candidates should be able to reason about trade offs across frontend state management, client side processing versus server side work, API contract design, data modeling and database selection, caching strategies, offline and real time update mechanisms, observability and operational concerns, and how infrastructure choices constrain or enable patterns at each layer. Emphasis is on separation of concerns while recognizing when tighter integration is needed for performance, consistency, or reduced latency.