Observability and Production Debugging Questions

Designing systems for operational visibility and reliable production debugging. Topics include choosing and instrumenting metrics, building dashboards and alerting, structured logging and log aggregation, distributed tracing and correlation for multi service flows, log retention and sampling strategies, telemetry design and privacy considerations, crash reporting and diagnostic capture, and tools and techniques for reproducing and debugging issues in production with minimal user impact. Also covers runbook and postmortem practices, instrumentation trade offs, and strategies for surfacing intermittent or performance related failures.