Scalability Monitoring and Operations Questions

Evaluate how candidates reason about running systems at scale and keeping them observable and resilient. Topics include horizontal scaling capacity planning load balancing and request routing circuit breakers backpressure and graceful degradation autoscaling strategies deployment and failover patterns health checks and canary rollouts. Observability topics include metrics logging distributed tracing service level indicators and service level objectives alerting and incident response. Candidates should explain trade offs across frontend backend and storage layers and how they instrument and measure the impact of operational changes.