Memory Management in Embedded Systems Questions

Covers memory allocation and layout specific to resource constrained and bare metal systems. Topics include memory regions and types such as static flash, read only memory, nonvolatile storage, static random access memory and dynamic random access memory; memory maps, bootloader and firmware placement, and memory mapped input output. Candidates should understand stack versus heap behavior, static versus dynamic allocation patterns, dynamic allocation functions such as malloc and free, memory fragmentation, memory leaks, out of memory handling, and techniques to avoid and mitigate fragmentation. Assess knowledge of memory efficient data structure design, fixed size allocation pools, object pooling, stack allocation techniques, static allocation strategies, wear leveling for nonvolatile storage, memory protection and isolation, and practical profiling and tooling used to measure and optimize memory usage on embedded targets.