Embedded System Architecture and Decomposition Questions

Translating product and hardware requirements into a maintainable firmware architecture and task decomposition. Discuss defining module boundaries and interfaces, choosing between bare metal, cooperative scheduling, or real time operating system approaches, designing inter task communication and synchronization, buffering and backpressure strategies, state machine driven control, testability and observability, and considerations for future scaling, updates, and maintenance. For senior candidates, justify architectural trade offs in terms of performance, reliability, testability, and development velocity.