Performance Optimization and Bottleneck Analysis Questions

Focuses on identifying and resolving performance bottlenecks across pipelines, infrastructure and applications. Candidates should be able to analyze metrics and traces, run profiling and load tests, identify hotspots in CPU, memory, disk and network usage, optimize resource requests and limits, tune autoscaling and load balancing, and improve continuous integration and continuous delivery pipeline speed through caching and parallelization. The topic also covers trade offs between vertical and horizontal scaling, database and cache tuning, capacity planning, and how to measure and communicate the impact of optimizations.