Monitoring Logging and Alerting Questions

Designing and operating observability for services and infrastructure, including metrics collection, log aggregation, distributed tracing, dashboards, and alerting. Candidates should be able to explain how they instrument applications and infrastructure, choose service level indicators and service level objectives, manage metric cardinality and retention, and reduce alert noise through sensible thresholds and anomaly detection. Discuss architectures and tooling patterns for metrics storage, log ingestion and indexing, tracing, and dashboarding using common platforms and agents. Explain alerting principles such as symptom based alerts, alert prioritization, escalation policies, runbook integration, and integration with incident management workflows. Include considerations for data retention and cost tradeoffs, and how monitoring and logging support postincident analysis and continuous reliability improvements.