CI CD Security and Secrets Management Questions

Focuses on embedding security into continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines and safe handling of credentials and secrets. Topics include secret storage and retrieval patterns such as managed key stores, secrets manager services, encrypted parameter stores, hardware security modules and key management, ephemeral credentials and dynamic secrets, credential rotation and automated rotation policies, secure injection of secrets into build and runtime environments, minimizing secret exposure in logs and artifacts, access controls for pipeline agents and runners, isolation and least privilege for CI CD infrastructure, artifact signing and provenance, vulnerability scanning and software composition analysis, static and dynamic analysis in pipelines, supply chain security controls, policy as code and gating, and operational auditing and incident response for pipeline compromises.