Algorithmic Problem Solving Fundamentals Questions
Core foundation for solving entry level algorithmic problems. Focuses on arrays, strings, basic mathematics and number theory problems, simple bit manipulation, basic linked list and tree operations, stacks and queues, basic sorting and searching algorithms, simple recursion, and use of hash based data structures for counting and lookup. Emphasizes understanding asymptotic time and space complexity, selecting appropriate data structures for a task, and clear step by step problem solving including writing a brute force solution and analyzing correctness.
EasyTechnical
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Write a function in Python that takes a text field from a dataset (a string) and returns the reversed string. If the input is given as a mutable list of characters, perform the reversal in-place. Explain time and space complexity for both immutable and mutable inputs, and mention how you would handle very large inputs or streaming data. Example: Input: 'hello' → Output: 'olleh'.
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Implement a function in Python that determines whether a 32-bit signed integer is a power of two (positive powers only). Solve it using bit manipulation without loops. Discuss edge cases (e.g., zero, negative inputs) and time/space complexity.
MediumTechnical
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Given a singly-linked list, detect whether it contains a cycle and, if so, return the node where the cycle begins. Implement Floyd's Tortoise and Hare algorithm in Python, describe why it uses O(1) extra space, and provide a proof sketch for correctness.
EasyTechnical
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Describe and implement in Python a single-pass algorithm to find both the minimum and maximum elements in an array. Explain how to reduce the number of comparisons compared to doing separate passes, and present the final comparison count in terms of n.
MediumTechnical
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Remove the n-th node from the end of a singly-linked list in one pass. Implement in Python using the two-pointer (fast/slow) technique. Handle edge cases like removing the head node and invalid n values. Explain time/space complexity.
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