Enterprise Continuous Integration and Delivery Architecture Questions

Design robust continuous integration and continuous delivery architectures at enterprise scale. This covers source control strategies such as trunk based development and feature branching, build parallelization, distributed caching and artifact caching, artifact retention and provenance, and orchestration of pipelines across many teams or large repositories. Candidates should address scaling of runners and agents, queuing and throttling, resource allocation for parallel and distributed execution, pipeline optimization techniques, monitoring of pipeline health metrics such as build times and failure rates, and operational practices to maintain efficiency and reliability for large numbers of concurrent builds. Security and compliance at scale include secrets and credentials management, signing and provenance of artifacts, approval workflows and audit trails, as well as cross team workflows and governance and trade offs between speed safety and complexity.