Advanced Data Analysis and Statistics Questions
Focuses on higher level analytical and statistical techniques for interpreting data and testing hypotheses. Topics include time series analysis, cohort and segmentation analysis, correlation and causation distinctions, descriptive versus inferential statistics, experimental design and hypothesis testing, consideration of sample size and power, detection of confounding variables including Simpson s paradox, and practical interpretation of results and limitations. Emphasizes choosing appropriate methods for given questions and communicating statistical findings clearly.
MediumTechnical
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Explain Simpson's paradox with a concise example related to product conversion: present a hypothetical table where aggregated conversion suggests A is better than B, but stratifying by device shows the opposite. Describe why it happens and how you would present this to stakeholders.
MediumTechnical
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A dashboard shows monthly retention decreased after a UI change. The PM wants to attribute the decline to the UI. What steps do you take to validate or refute this causal claim using available observational data? Include specific analyses and potential limitations.
MediumTechnical
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You're given two backend logs with slightly different user identifiers and need to join them for analysis. Describe a robust strategy to match users, including deterministic and probabilistic matching approaches, quality checks, and how to document matching uncertainty for stakeholders.
EasyTechnical
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You have a transactions table in a data warehouse used for dashboarding:transactions(transaction_id STRING, user_id STRING, amount DECIMAL, occurred_at TIMESTAMP, channel STRING)Write a single SQL query (ANSI SQL) to produce per-day metrics for the last 30 days: total_transactions, total_revenue, mean_transaction_value, median_transaction_value, and 95th-percentile transaction value. Explain any assumptions about nulls and how you handle days with no transactions.
EasyTechnical
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An executive asks: 'Our top-of-funnel visits dropped 12% last month — should we pause marketing spend?' Draft a one-page analysis checklist and recommended next steps that you would prepare before making such a recommendation.
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