Production Grade Code Questions

Focuses on writing code that is safe, maintainable, and operable in production environments. Topics include defensive programming, robust error handling and retry strategies, idempotency, resource management, structured logging and metrics for observability, health checks and graceful degradation, testability with unit and integration tests, performance and memory considerations, dependency management and versioning, feature flag strategies and safe deployment patterns, and processes for validating and rolling back changes in production. Emphasis is on choices that reduce operational burden and support long term maintainability.